Java實現(xiàn)郵件發(fā)送

一、郵件服務器與傳輸協(xié)議

要在網(wǎng)絡上實現(xiàn)郵件功能，必須要有專門的郵件服務器。這些郵件服務器類似于現(xiàn)實生活中的郵局，它主要負責接收用戶投遞過來的郵件，并把郵件投遞到郵件接收者的電子郵箱中。

SMTP服務器地址：一般是 smtp.xxx.com，比如163郵箱是smtp.163.com，qq郵箱是smtp.qq.com。

SMTP協(xié)議通常把處理用戶smtp請求(郵件發(fā)送請求)的服務器稱之為SMTP服務器(郵件發(fā)送服務器)。

POP3協(xié)議通常把處理用戶pop3請求(郵件接收請求)的服務器稱之為POP3服務器(郵件接收服務器)。

二、Java發(fā)送郵件

使用到的jar包：

QQ郵箱需獲取相應的權限：

QQ郵箱?>郵箱設置?>賬戶?>POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服務 開啟POP3/SMTP服務，然后獲取16位授權碼（注意不要將授權碼泄露，一個賬戶可以擁有多個授權碼）

Java實現(xiàn)純文本郵件發(fā)送

package org.westos.email;import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;import java.util.Properties;public class SendEamil { public static void main(String[] args) throws MessagingException, GeneralSecurityException { //創(chuàng)建一個配置文件并保存 Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.setProperty('mail.host','smtp.qq.com'); properties.setProperty('mail.transport.protocol','smtp'); properties.setProperty('mail.smtp.auth','true'); //QQ存在一個特性設置SSL加密 MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory(); sf.setTrustAllHosts(true); properties.put('mail.smtp.ssl.enable', 'true'); properties.put('mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory', sf); //創(chuàng)建一個session對象 Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() { @Override protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication('[email protected]','16位授權碼'); } }); //開啟debug模式 session.setDebug(true); //獲取連接對象 Transport transport = session.getTransport(); //連接服務器 transport.connect('smtp.qq.com','[email protected]','16位授權碼'); //創(chuàng)建郵件對象 MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session); //郵件發(fā)送人 mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress('[email protected]')); //郵件接收人 mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress('[email protected]')); //郵件標題 mimeMessage.setSubject('Hello Mail'); //郵件內容 mimeMessage.setContent('我的想法是把代碼放進一個循環(huán)里','text/html;charset=UTF-8'); //發(fā)送郵件 transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients()); //關閉連接 transport.close(); }}

Java實現(xiàn)文本圖片附件復雜的郵件發(fā)送

MIME（多用途互聯(lián)網(wǎng)郵件擴展類型）

MimeBodyPart類

javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart類 表示的是一個MIME消息，它和MimeMessage類一樣都是從Part接口繼承過來。

MimeMultipart類

javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart是抽象類 Multipart的實現(xiàn)子類,它用來組合多個MIME消息。一個MimeMultipart對象可以包含多個代表MIME消息的MimeBodyPart對象

package org.westos.email;import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;import javax.activation.DataHandler;import javax.activation.FileDataSource;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;import java.util.Properties;public class SendComplexEmail { public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException { Properties prop = new Properties(); prop.setProperty('mail.host', 'smtp.qq.com'); //// 設置QQ郵件服務器 prop.setProperty('mail.transport.protocol', 'smtp'); // 郵件發(fā)送協(xié)議 prop.setProperty('mail.smtp.auth', 'true'); // 需要驗證用戶名密碼 // QQ郵箱設置SSL加密 MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory(); sf.setTrustAllHosts(true); prop.put('mail.smtp.ssl.enable', 'true'); prop.put('mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory', sf); //1、創(chuàng)建定義整個應用程序所需的環(huán)境信息的 Session 對象 Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() { @Override protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { //傳入發(fā)件人的姓名和授權碼 return new PasswordAuthentication('[email protected]','16位授權碼'); } }); //2、通過session獲取transport對象 Transport transport = session.getTransport(); //3、通過transport對象郵箱用戶名和授權碼連接郵箱服務器 transport.connect('smtp.qq.com','[email protected]','16位授權碼'); //4、創(chuàng)建郵件,傳入session對象 MimeMessage mimeMessage = complexEmail(session); //5、發(fā)送郵件 transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients()); //6、關閉連接 transport.close(); } public static MimeMessage complexEmail(Session session) throws MessagingException { //消息的固定信息 MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session); //發(fā)件人 mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress('[email protected]')); //收件人 mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress('[email protected]')); //郵件標題 mimeMessage.setSubject('帶圖片和附件的郵件'); //郵件內容 //準備圖片數(shù)據(jù) MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart(); DataHandler handler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource('E:IdeaProjectsWebEmailresources測試圖片.png')); image.setDataHandler(handler); image.setContentID('test.png'); //設置圖片id //準備文本 MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart(); text.setContent('這是一段文本<img src=’cid:test.png’>','text/html;charset=utf-8'); //附件 MimeBodyPart appendix = new MimeBodyPart(); appendix.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource('E:IdeaProjectsWebEmailresources測試文件.txt'))); appendix.setFileName('test.txt'); //拼裝郵件正文 MimeMultipart mimeMultipart = new MimeMultipart(); mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(image); mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(text); mimeMultipart.setSubType('related');//文本和圖片內嵌成功 //將拼裝好的正文內容設置為主體 MimeBodyPart contentText = new MimeBodyPart(); contentText.setContent(mimeMultipart); //拼接附件 MimeMultipart allFile = new MimeMultipart(); allFile.addBodyPart(appendix);//附件 allFile.addBodyPart(contentText);//正文 allFile.setSubType('mixed'); //正文和附件都存在郵件中，所有類型設置為mixed //放到Message消息中 mimeMessage.setContent(allFile); mimeMessage.saveChanges();//保存修改 return mimeMessage; }}

JavaWeb發(fā)送郵件(網(wǎng)站注冊成功發(fā)送提示郵件)

1.User

package org.westos.mail;public class User { private String name; private String password; private String mail; public User() { } public User(String name, String password, String mail) { this.name = name; this.password = password; this.mail = mail; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getMail() { return mail; } public void setMail(String mail) { this.mail = mail; } @Override public String toString() { return 'User{' + 'name=’' + name + ’’’ + ', password=’' + password + ’’’ + ', mail=’' + mail + ’’’ + ’}’; }}

2.Servlet

package org.westos.mail;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;public class Servlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request,response); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { //處理前端請求 String username = request.getParameter('username'); String password = request.getParameter('password'); String email = request.getParameter('email'); //將信息封裝進user對象 User user = new User(username, password, email); SendMail sendMail = new SendMail(user); sendMail.start(); //開啟線程 request.setAttribute('msg','發(fā)送成功'); try { request.getRequestDispatcher('msg.jsp').forward(request,response); } catch (ServletException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}

3.SengMail

package org.westos.mail;import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;import java.security.PublicKey;import java.util.Properties;public class SendMail extends Thread { //發(fā)件人信息 private String From = '[email protected]'; //發(fā)件人郵箱 private String recipient = '[email protected]'; //郵箱密碼 private String password = '16位授權碼'; //郵件發(fā)送的服務器 private String host = 'smtp.qq.com'; //收件人信息 private User user; public SendMail(User user){ this.user = user; } @Override public void run() { try { Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.setProperty('mail.host','smtp.qq.com'); properties.setProperty('mail.transport.protocol','smtp'); properties.setProperty('mail.smtp.auth','true'); //QQ存在一個特性設置SSL加密 MailSSLSocketFactory sf = null; try { sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory(); } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } sf.setTrustAllHosts(true); properties.put('mail.smtp.ssl.enable', 'true'); properties.put('mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory', sf); //創(chuàng)建一個session對象 Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() { @Override protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(recipient,password); } }); //開啟debug模式 session.setDebug(true); //獲取連接對象 Transport transport = null; try { transport = session.getTransport(); } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //連接服務器 transport.connect(host,From,password); //創(chuàng)建一個郵件發(fā)送對象 MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session); //郵件發(fā)送人 mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress(recipient)); //郵件接收人 mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(user.getMail())); //郵件標題 mimeMessage.setSubject('網(wǎng)站注冊成功'); //郵件內容 mimeMessage.setContent('網(wǎng)站注冊成功，密碼為'+user.getPassword()+'，請妥善保管密碼','text/html;charset=UTF-8'); //發(fā)送郵件 transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients()); transport.close(); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }}

4.register.jsp

<%@ page contentType='text/html;charset=UTF-8' language='java' %><html><head> <title>注冊頁面</title></head><body><form action='${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a.do' method='post'> <p>用戶名：<input type='text' name='username' required></p> <p>密碼：<input type='password' name='password' required></p> <p>郵箱：<input type='email' name='email' required></p> <p><input type='submit' value='提交'></p></form></body></html>

5.msg.jsp

<%@ page contentType='text/html;charset=UTF-8' language='java' %><html><head> <title>Title</title></head><body>${msg}</body></html>

6.web.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><web-app xmlns='http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd' version='4.0'> <servlet> <servlet-name>Servlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.westos.mail.Servlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/a.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping></web-app>

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