pybind11: C++ 工程提供 Python 接口的實例代碼
C/C++ 工程提供 Python 接口,有利于融合進 Python 的生態。現在 Python 在應用層,有其得天獨厚的優勢。尤其因為人工智能和大數據的推波助瀾, Python 現在以及未來,將長期是最流行的語言之一。
那 C/C++ 怎么提供 Python 接口呢?
ctypes: C 與 Python 綁定, Python 內建模塊 Boost.Python: C++ 與 Python 綁定, Boost 模塊 pybind11: C++11 與 Python 綁定, 減去了舊 C++ 支持,更輕量化本文將介紹 pybind11 的環境準備與入門使用。
pybind11: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11
環境準備
pybind11 是一個 header-only 的庫,換句話說,只需要 C++ 項目里直接 include pybind11 的頭文件就能使用。
這里則介紹如何于 CMake 里引入 pybind11 。而更多編譯系統的介紹,可見官方文檔 Build systems 。
獲取 pybind11
可以 git submodule 添加子模塊,最好固定為某個版本:
git submodule add https://github.com/pybind/pybind11.git third_party/pybind11-2.5.0cd third_party/pybind11-2.5.0/git checkout tags/v2.5.0
或者,直接獲取源碼,放進相應子目錄即可。
添加進 CMake
CMakeLists.txt 里 add_subdirectory pybind11 的路徑,再用其提供的 pybind11_add_module 就能創建 pybind11 的模塊了。
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)project(start-pybind11 VERSION 0.1.0 LANGUAGES C CXX)set(MY_PYBIND ${MY_CURR}/third_party/pybind11-2.5.0)add_subdirectory(${MY_PYBIND})pybind11_add_module(example_pb example_pb.cpp)
如果想在已有 C++ 動態庫上擴展 pybind11 綁定,那么 target_link_libraries 鏈接該動態庫就可以了。
target_link_libraries(example_pb PUBLIC example)
綁定一個函數
我們先實現一個 add 函數,
int add(int i, int j) { return i + j;}
為了簡化工程,可以直接實現在 example_pb.cpp 里,
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>namespace py = pybind11;int add(int i, int j) { return i + j;}PYBIND11_MODULE(example_pb, m) { m.doc() = 'example_pb bindings'; m.def('add', &add, 'A function which adds two numbers');}
之后,于 CMakeLists.txt 所在目錄,執行 cmake 編譯就完成了。
示例代碼
first_steps.h first_steps.cc first_steps_pb.cc綁定一個類
我們先實現一個定時觸發器的類。使用如下:
#include <iostream>#include 'tick.h'int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { (void)argc; (void)argv; Tick tick(500, 5000); tick.SetTickEvent([&tick](std::int64_t elapsed_ms) { std::cout << 'elapsed: ' << elapsed_ms << ' ms' << std::endl; if (elapsed_ms >= 2000) { tick.Stop(); } }); tick.Start(); tick.WaitLifeOver(); return 0;}
運行結果:
$ ./_output/bin/cpp_thread_callback/tick_testelapsed: 0 mselapsed: 500 mselapsed: 1000 mselapsed: 1500 mselapsed: 2000 ms
該類的聲明如下:
using TickEvent = std::function<void(std::int64_t elapsed_ms)>;using TickRunCallback = std::function<void()>;class Tick { public: using clock = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock; Tick(std::int64_t tick_ms, std::int64_t life_ms = std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max()); Tick(TickEvent tick_event, std::int64_t tick_ms, std::int64_t life_ms = std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max(), TickRunCallback run_beg = nullptr, TickRunCallback run_end = nullptr); virtual ~Tick(); bool IsRunning() const; void Start(); void Stop(bool wait_life_over = false); const std::chrono::time_point<clock> &GetTimeStart() const; void SetTickEvent(TickEvent &&tick_event); void SetTickEvent(const TickEvent &tick_event); void SetRunBegCallback(TickRunCallback &&run_beg); void SetRunBegCallback(const TickRunCallback &run_beg); void SetRunEndCallback(TickRunCallback &&run_end); void SetRunEndCallback(const TickRunCallback &run_end); void WaitLifeOver(); protected: // ...};
然后, pybind11 綁定實現如下:
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>#include <pybind11/chrono.h>#include <pybind11/functional.h>#include <memory>#include 'cpp/cpp_thread_callback/tick.h'namespace py = pybind11;using namespace pybind11::literals; // NOLINTPYBIND11_MODULE(tick_pb, m) { m.doc() = 'tick_pb bindings'; py::class_<Tick, std::shared_ptr<Tick>>(m, 'Tick') .def(py::init<std::int64_t, std::int64_t>()) .def(py::init<TickEvent, std::int64_t, std::int64_t, TickRunCallback, TickRunCallback>()) .def_property_readonly('is_running', &Tick::IsRunning) .def('start', &Tick::Start) .def('stop', &Tick::Stop, 'wait_life_over'_a = false) .def('get_time_start', &Tick::GetTimeStart) .def('set_tick_event', [](Tick &self, const TickEvent &tick_event) { self.SetTickEvent(tick_event); }) .def('set_run_beg_callback', [](Tick &self, const TickRunCallback &run_beg) { self.SetRunBegCallback(run_beg); }) .def('set_run_end_callback', [](Tick &self, const TickRunCallback &run_end) { self.SetRunEndCallback(run_end); }) .def('wait_life_over', &Tick::WaitLifeOver, py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>());}
編譯出動態庫后,把路徑添加進 PYTHONPATH:
export PYTHONPATH=<path>:$PYTHONPATH# 依賴其他動態庫的話,把路徑添加進 LIBRARY_PATH# Linuxexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<path>:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH# macOSexport DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=<path>:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
之后,就可以于 Python 里調用了:
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# pylint: disable=missing-docstring, import-errorimport tick_pb as tickdef _main(): t = tick.Tick(lambda elapsed_ms: print(f'elapsed: {elapsed_ms} ms'), 500, 1000, lambda: print('run beg'), lambda: print('run end')) t.start() t.wait_life_over()if __name__ == '__main__': _main()
運行結果:
$ python src/pybind/cpp_thread_callback/tick_test.pyrun begelapsed: 0 mselapsed: 500 mselapsed: 1000 msrun end
示例代碼
tick.h tick.cc tick_test.cc tick_pb.cc tick_test.py運行示例代碼
獲取代碼,
git clone https://github.com/ikuokuo/start-pybind11.git# 獲取子模塊cd start-pybind11/git submodule update --init
編譯安裝,
# 依賴 cmakecd start-pybind11/make install
編譯結果,
$ tree _install_install├── bin│ └── cpp_thread_callback│ └── tick_test└── lib ├── cpp_thread_callback │ ├── libtick.0.1.0.dylib │ ├── libtick.0.1.dylib -> libtick.0.1.0.dylib │ ├── libtick.dylib -> libtick.0.1.dylib │ ├── tick_pb.0.1.0.cpython-37m-darwin.so │ ├── tick_pb.0.1.cpython-37m-darwin.so -> tick_pb.0.1.0.cpython-37m-darwin.so │ └── tick_pb.cpython-37m-darwin.so -> tick_pb.0.1.cpython-37m-darwin.so └── first_steps ├── first_steps_pb.0.1.0.cpython-37m-darwin.so ├── first_steps_pb.0.1.cpython-37m-darwin.so -> first_steps_pb.0.1.0.cpython-37m-darwin.so ├── first_steps_pb.cpython-37m-darwin.so -> first_steps_pb.0.1.cpython-37m-darwin.so ├── libfirst_steps.0.1.0.dylib ├── libfirst_steps.0.1.dylib -> libfirst_steps.0.1.0.dylib └── libfirst_steps.dylib -> libfirst_steps.0.1.dylib5 directories, 13 files
添加路徑,
$ source setup.bash first_steps cpp_thread_callbackDYLD_LIBRARY_PATH, PYTHONPATH+ /Users/John/Workspace/Self/ikuokuo/start-pybind11/_install/lib/first_steps+ /Users/John/Workspace/Self/ikuokuo/start-pybind11/_install/lib/cpp_thread_callback
運行示例,
$ python src/pybind/cpp_thread_callback/tick_test.pyrun begelapsed: 0 mselapsed: 500 mselapsed: 1000 msrun end
結語
Go coding!
總結
到此這篇關于pybind11: C++ 工程提供 Python 接口的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關pybind11: C++ 工程如何提供 Python 接口內容請搜索好吧啦網以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持好吧啦網!
相關文章:
